Researchers: We know what triggers violent volcanic explosions - The Bell Jar [fornadablog.blogspot.com]

Researchers: We know what triggers violent volcanic explosions - The Bell Jar [fornadablog.blogspot.com]

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[fornadablog.blogspot.com], Researchers: We know what triggers violent volcanic explosions - The Bell Jar

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Pre-mixing of cooler magma and younger hotter magma leads to volcanic eruptions.

Researchers at the University of South Hampton say they know what triggers large volcanic explosions on Earth.

Researchers focused in on the Las Cañadas volcanic caldera on Tenerife, in the Canary Islands, as they set out to try and determine what triggers violent volcanic explosions. Las Cañadas has produced at least eight significant eruptions during the last 700,00 years. These eruptions, researchers note, have created ash plumes over 25km tall and spewed pyroclastic material over 130km.

By examining crystal cumulate nodules found in pyroclastic deposits of large eruptions, the researchers discovered that pre-eruptive mixing of cooler magma and younger hotter magma is the likely trigger in violent volcanic explosions.

“These nodules are special because they were ripped from the magma chamber before becoming completely solid â€" they were mushy, like balls of coarse wet sand. Rims of crystals in the nodules grew from a very different magma, indicating a major mixing event occurred immediately before eruption. Stirring young hot magma into older, cooler magma appears to be a common event before these explosive eruptions,” said Dr. Rex Taylor, Senior Lecturer in Ocean and Earth Science at the University of Southampton, in a statement.

Researchers say that crystal cumulate nodules offer a record of the changes taking placing in the magma chamber.

“The analysis of crystal nodules from the volcano documents the final processes and changes immediately prior to eruption â€" those triggering the catastrophic eruptions. The very presence of mushy nodules in the pyroclastic deposits suggests that the magma chamber empties itself during the eruption, and the chamber then collapses in on itself forming the caldera,” said co-author Dr. Tom Gernon, Lecturer in Ocean and Earth Science at the University of Southampton, in a statement.

The researchers wanted to study the Las Cañadas volcano because of its history of significant, violent eruptions in close proximity to a populated area. Researchers hope that their analysis of the Las Cañadas volcano will help officials conduct risk assessments when conducting city planning in regions with active volcanoes that have histories of violent eruptions.

“Our findings will prove invaluable in future hazard and risk assessment on Tenerife and elsewhere. The scale of the eruptions we describe has the potential to cause devastation on the heavily populated island of Tenerife and major economic repercussions for the wider European community,” said Dr. Taylor.

The findings were recently published in the journal Scientific Reports.

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