Most scientific retractions involve fraud, not error - TG Daily [fornadablog.blogspot.com]
Click Here to Watch the Alan Wake Accolades Trailer: www.youtube.com Alan Wake Building the Technology Trailer [HD] Developer: Remedy Entertainment Release: 5/18/2010 Genre: Action/Adventure Platform: X360/PC Publisher: Microsoft Website: www.alanwake.com Alan Wake, a bestselling writer, hasnt managed to write anything in over two years. Now his wife, Alice, brings him to the idyllic small town of Bright Falls to recover his creative flow. But when she vanishes without a trace, Wake finds himself trapped in a nightmare. Word by word, his latest work, a thriller he cant even remember writing, is coming true before his eyes. Follow Machinima on Twitter! Machinima twitter.com Inside Gaming twitter.com Machinima Respawn twitter.com Machinima Entertainment, Technology, Culture twitter.com FOR MORE MACHINIMA, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE SPORTS GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com TAGS: Alan Wake Building the Technology Trailer [HD ] machinima videogame videogames video game xbox 360 xbox360 microsoft studios pc steam computer windows live xbla remedy entertainment writer wife cold case trace nightmare book novel psychological action thriller live action bright falls survival horror yt:quality=high Alan Wake Building the Technology Trailer [HD]
[fornadablog.blogspot.com], Most scientific retractions involve fraud, not error - TG Daily
There's been a ten-fold increase in the number of fraud-related retractions of biomedical papers since 1975, putting paid to the idea that it's usually just a case of owning up to an inadvertent error.
In a new analysis claimed to be the most comprehensive of its kind, a US team has concluded that misconduct - such as fraud or suspected fraud, duplicate publication and plagiarism - is responsible for two-thirds of all retractions.
"Biomedical research has become a winner-take-all game â€" one with perverse incentives that entice scientists to cut corners and, in some instances, falsify data or commit other acts of misconduct," says senior author Arturo Casadevall of Albert Einstein College of Medicine.
The study reviewed 2,047 papers retracted from the biomedical literature through May 2012, and consulted the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Research Integrity and Retractionwatch.com to establish the cause.
And the team found that about 21 percent of the retractions were attributable to error, while 67 percent were due to misconduct, including fraud or suspected fraud (43 percent), duplicate publication (14 percent), and plagiarism (10 percent). Miscellaneous or unknown reasons accounted for the remaining 12 percent.
"What's troubling is that the more skilful the fraud, the less likely that it will be discovered, so there likely are more fraudulent papers out there that haven't yet been detected and retracted," says Casadevall.
Earlier studies that underestimated the extent of scientific misconduct, he says, have relied solely on the journals' retraction notices - which are written by the papers' authors.
"Authors commonly write, ‘We regret we have to retract our paper because the work is not reproducible,' which is not exactly a lie. The work indeed was not reproducible â€" because it was fraudulent," he says.
"Researchers try to protect their labs and their reputations, and these retractions are written in such a way that you often don't know what really happened."
Some labs appear to be more prone to malpractice than others. As many as 43 percent of all retractions came from just 38 labs - out of thousands worldwide. "So while we're not looking at a systemic disease, so to speak, in the scientific community, our findings do indicate a significant problem that needs to be addressed," says Casadevall.
Suggest Most scientific retractions involve fraud, not error - TG Daily Articles
Question by SF: What does this quote mean - "Ethics change with technology"? It was said by Larry Niven. "Ethics change with technology" What do you think it means? Best answer for What does this quote mean - "Ethics change with technology"?:
Answer by cyberdrea123
"Ethics" are, for the most part, a person's opinion towards what is right/wrong in consideration of general society (whereas morals tend to be an individual's own sense of right & wrong, for their own behavior). Most people's driver's license doesn't reflect their actual, current weight -- and they're lying (and ethic violation), but personally, I don't really care (a moral judgment). "Ethics change with technology" may mean that as technology advances, people have different opinions about what is right/wrong in terms of social behavior. Cyber-bullying, texting, texting language/spelling, cyber-stalking (hitting-up someone's facebook a thousand times is good/bad? Looking them up on spoke.com is better/worse?) -- all of these are examples of technology-based behavior that have become unacceptable OR "norm" as technology advances. In past days, it used to be considered poor form to not write with some semblance of "proper" grammar and sentence structure. Today, texting-- with its abbreviations, characters, and lack of grammatical structure-- is okay based on the medium used. I hope I didn't confuse more than help. Good luck. :)
More What does this quote mean - "Ethics change with technology"? Issues
50 CENT CURTIS FRESH ALBUM!!!DONT FORGET TO SAY THX!!! 50 cent-Ayo Technology feat Justin Timberlake and Timbaland
0 comments:
Post a Comment