How to Drive a Mars Rover - National Geographic [fornadablog.blogspot.com]
Question by Smudgeeee: Where does the phrase "dead in the water" come from? I was wondering the other day, just where exactly does the phrase "dead in the water" come from? Best answer for Where does the phrase "dead in the water" come from?:
Answer by Nick Answer by pepe poirot Answer by Neil Answer by milton b Answer by Doctor P
You are dead in the water when you are in a sailboat and there's no wind.
The expression refers to a disabled ship that is unable to proceed. Its use as an expression outside the confines of the naval/seagoing world appears to be relatively recent and originates from America.
It refers to boats stranded at sea without any power to move them. Therefore, they are not making any progress. Anything which is not proceeding as expected is considered 'dead in the water'. A council meeting can be 'dead in the water' if no progress is being made by any of the councillors. A party in which none of the invited guests come is 'dead in the water'.
It is a naval expression and it means that the ship is without power and steering.
Unable to function or move; inoperable. For example, Without an effective leader, our plans for expansion are dead in the water. Originally referring to a crippled ship, this colloquialism was soon applied more broadly. http://www.answers.com/topic/dead-in-the-water-supernatural it has a naval origin. A disabled warship is 'dead in the water'. http://www.phrases.org.uk/bulletin_board/23/messages/870.html A sailing ship that is dead in the water is stationary, with no wind in its sails to make it come alive. Transferring this to everyday life, to mean 'not going anywhere, brought to a halt' was only a small step, although it can be rather confusing if not used carefully.....from a naval expression referring to a war ship which is (still) afloat but unable to manoeuvre or fight.
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[fornadablog.blogspot.com], How to Drive a Mars Rover - National Geographic
Drivers of the Mars rover Curiosity use 3-D images, simulated here in a "wiggle" view, to help plot a path forward on the red planet. Mount Sharp rises in the distance. Courtesy Max Tertinegg, NASA/JPL-Caltech
Mars, and the Curiosity rover now exploring it, are 120 million miles away.  Back at mission control, rover cameras show a rocky incline, maybe ten feet ahead, near the path Curiosity is supposed to travel. How does NASA make sure the precious rover doesn’t go tumbling down the small slope?
The answer involves the team of rover drivers glued to their computer screens at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. They work the world’s most exclusiveâ€"and perhaps most high-pressureâ€"video simulation.  A virtual Curiosity can be placed into the latest images that come down from Mars, moved around to see what happens, and be driven over virtual inclines mapped out via satellite to see how it does. The set-up even comes with 3-D capability and glasses.
The drivers work their screens with an arcade-like intensityâ€"you almost expect them to reach for the joystick. But that’s not how you drive on Mars.  It’s much more complicated than that, and the stakes could hardly be higher.
SEEING IN 3-D
First off, there’s a 14-minute radio lag between Mars and Earth, so even with their state-of-the-art programs, the real-time driving is essentially blind. Plus, the movements of the rover need to be analyzed, checked, rechecked and sometimes changed suddenly by the dozens of engineers and scientists who plan the rover’s movements.
Based on their input, the rover drivers pick a path and then write computer sequences that will tell Curiosity how to follow it and how far to go. They do all this while the rover is asleep; the instructions are delivered when the Martian morning starts. Nobody will know what really happened with the driving until the first downlink some eight to ten hours later.
“This image just came down,†said Matt Heverly on a recent day, excited to be getting a first look from Curiosity’s new location.  He’s one of the 14 “rover planners†who trained for years before getting his Mars “driver’s license,†and like most of the others he’s worked on previous Mars rover missions.
Heverly quickly placed the rover into the scene. He suggested I join him by putting on our 3-D glasses, and suddenly we’re looking at the Martian landscape as if we’re driving through the desert Southwest, minus the cacti.  Before us is the next major destination: Glenelg. It’s filled with great science possibilities and more than a few potential driving pitfalls.
“We’re almost at the rim that leads down into Glenelg,†he said, eagerly scanning the horizon. “Now we have to figure out how to get where they want us to go.â€
MASTERING MOVEMENTS
Watching the drivers at work brings home the fact that the fate of the $ 2.5 billion mission depends on how well they use their interplanetary visualizers to avoid dune fields, keep away from big rocks, stay on surfaces below the 30-degree incline the rover is designed to handle. And since they’re living on ever-changing Mars time for the mission’s first 90 days and working long, long hours, they have to do it all with a sense of perpetual jet lag.
If you think the driving is tough, consider the job of moving the arm. Seven feet long when extended, with five moving joints and topped by a heavy turret of all-important science instruments, drills and cameras, it too has to be choreographed through code to make scores of sometimes very complicated maneuvers.
Most difficult, said arm lead engineer and driver Matt Robinson, is probably going to be transporting a rock or soil sample collected at the extended turret, reconfiguring the arm so it hovers instead over the rover deck, and delicately dropping the precious sample into a one-inch opening that leads down into the chemistry labs inside Curiosity.
A key goal of the mission is to search for carbon-based organicsâ€"building blocks for life on Earthâ€"as part of its effort to determine if Mars was ever habitable. It can only complete that task if Robinson and his colleagues master the arm movements needed to drill or scoop, collect, sift, and then deliver the Martian samples. Other rovers and landers on Mars have collected samples, but never with the level of complexity brought by Curiosity.
CURVEBALL AHEAD?
As we watched a simulated unfurling of the armâ€"kind of like a tai chi exerciseâ€" as it readied to work, Robinson said that his team has worked on the sampling programs for months. They’re confident they can make it work, but don’t entirely know how differently it will behave in the thin atmosphere of Mars than on Earth.
“We placed rigorous requirements on our designs, but we can’t place requirements on Mars,†he said. “We don’t know the curveballs, and that means we have to be flexible.â€
So being a Curiosity driver is by all accounts a thrill, but the pressure is high. Automatic “Hazard Avoidance†driving features have been built into the rover but still, one seriously wrong move and the arm can crash into the mast holding the prized cameras shooting high-resolution color. Or even worse, the rover can take a wrong turn that leads to a very bad day. The members of the rover planning team all have their Mars driver’s licenses, but the planet hasn’t made clear yet what it makes of them.
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