Engineers plan to upload bees' brains into robots - CBS News [fornadablog.blogspot.com]
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[fornadablog.blogspot.com], Engineers plan to upload bees' brains into robots - CBS News
Sometimes real science sounds more like science fiction. Just the phrase "bionic bees" sounds like something out of an old paperback.
But that's the goal of a new project from the University of Sheffield and the University of Sussex. Engineers are planning on scanning the brains of bees and uploading them into flying robots, with the hope that the machines will fly and act like the real thing.
The goal of the project is to create the first robots able to act on instinct. Researchers hope to implant a honey bee's sense of smell and sight into the flying machines, allowing the robot to act as autonomously as an insect rather than relying on pre-programmed instructions.
Possible applications for the bionic bee include search and rescue missions such as a collapsed mine, detecting chemical or gas leaks and even pollinating plants just like a real bee.
Dr. James Marshall, the head of the $ 1.61 million study, wrote in a press release: "The development of an artificial brain is one of the greatest challenges in Artificial Intelligence. So far, researchers have typically studied brains such as those of rats, monkeys, and humans, but actually 'simpler' organism such as social insects have surprisingly advanced cognitive abilities."
Researchers anticipate that developing a model for scanning and uploading an animal's brain will offer insight into how a brain's cognitive systems work, potentially offering advances in understanding animal and human cognition.
"Not only will this pave the way for many future advances in autonomous flying robots," wrote Dr. Thomas Nowotny, the leader of the Sussex team, "but we also believe the computer modeling techniques we will be using will be widely useful to other brain modeling and computational neuroscience projects."
The project - which researchers call "Green Brain" - is funded by the UK's Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council with technical help from IBM and hardware donated by NVIDIA Corporation. Scientists hope to have a bionic bee in the air by 2015.
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Question by Jasmine T: What is the negation of the statement, "The cat ate the food and the cat did not drink water"? I would think that the answer would be "The cat /did not/ eat the food and the cat /drank/ water.", or a very similar statement. But, the answer was, "The cat /did not/ eat the food OR the cat /drank/ water." Why does the 'and' change into 'or'? Best answer for What is the negation of the statement, "The cat ate the food and the cat did not drink water"?:
Answer by buffalobillslover Answer by Math H Answer by SadieB Answer by MathMan TG
The cat did not eat the food and the cat drank the water
You could use Boolean Algebra to see why this change to an "OR" Let X be "The cat ate the food" Let Y be "The cat did not drink water" Then The negation of X = !X = "The cat did not eat the food" Similarly, The negation of Y = !Y = "The cat drank the water" The statement "The cat ate the food and the cat did not drivnk water" can be represented as: X & Y The negation of the statement is: !(X & Y) which, using DeMorgan's is: !X | !Y where | stands for OR Thus, "The cat did not eat the food" OR "The cat drank the water"
Because the first statement was inclusive of both so the negation must be exclusive.
You have two events, which I'll abbreviate as 'ate' and 'drank'. The original statement says _both_ occurred (and). In order for that to be false, only one has to "not happen", so we introduce the OR. If one occurs and the other doesn't, then it is _not_ the case that _both_ occurred. Hence we end up with: (not ate) OR (not drank) - - - - - The same thing works the other way: If we say (ate) OR (drank) meaning one occurred, the negation of that means that neither occurred, so that would be (not ate) AND (not drank) because we must exclude both by using And.
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