NASA's next goal: bring back samples from Mars - Fox News [fornadablog.blogspot.com]
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[fornadablog.blogspot.com], NASA's next goal: bring back samples from Mars - Fox News
The next steps in NASA's Mars exploration strategy should build toward returning Martian rocks and dirt to Earth to search for signs of past life, a new report by the space agency's Red Planet planning group finds.
The report, released Tuesday by the Mars Program Planning Group (MPPG), lays out a series of options that NASA could employ to get pieces of the Red Planet in scientists' hands here on Earth. The space agency is now mulling those options and could announce its chosen path by early next year, when the White House releases its proposed budget for fiscal year 2014.
"The first public release of what plans, you know, we definitively have would not be until the president presents that budget to Congress in February of 2013," John Grunsfeld, associate administrator for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, told reporters today.
NASA put together the MPPG this past March to help restructure its Mars strategy in the wake of cuts to the space agency's robotic exploration program.
The MPPG was instructed to consider NASA's newly constrained fiscal situation and the priorities laid out by the U.S. National Research Council's Planetary Decadal Survey, which was released last year. President Barack Obama's directive that the agency get astronauts to the vicinity of Mars by the mid-2030s was another factor, NASA officials said.
'Sending a mission to go to Mars and return a sample looks a lot like sending a crew to Mars and returning them safely.'
- John Grunsfeld, NASA’s Science Mission Directorate
The MPPG's focus on sample-return should thus come as no surprise. It was a top priority of the Decadal Survey, and sample-return could help spur and work in concert with NASA's plans for human exploration of Mars, Grunsfeld said. [7 Biggest Mysteries of Mars]
"Sample-return represents the best opportunity to find symmetry technologically between the programs," he said. "Sending a mission to go to Mars and return a sample looks a lot like sending a crew to Mars and returning them safely."
Humans could even be involved in the sample-return process, according to the MPPG report. Astronauts aboard NASA's Orion capsule, which is currently under development, could intercept the Martian sample in deep space, secure it in a contained environment, and bring it safely down to Earth.
"It is taking advantage of the human architecture, because we anticipate it will be there," Grunsfeld said. "And it potentially solves an issue of, when we return samples, somewhere we have to make sure that the samples are completely contained so there's no chance â€" remote as it may be â€" that there is something on Mars that could contaminate Earth."
Exactly when a Martian sample could come down to Earth remains up in the air. But NASA is considering launching the first enabling mission along this path in 2018, or perhaps 2020, Grunsfeld said. A complicating factor is that NASA has just $ 800 million or so to work with for the project through 2018.
That's "not enough to encompass the rover options that we talked about," said MPPG team lead Orlando Figueroa. "That drives you to either launching an orbiter first, or delaying to the next opportunity, 2020, to start with a rover."
The report also provides a variety of options for gathering and returning Red Planet samples.
For example, it could all be done with a single launch, which would carry a soil-collecting rover, a vehicle that would blast the samples off the Martian surface and an orbiter for sample rendezvous and return. Or these payloads could be divided among two or three launches, to spread cost and risk around, Figueroa said.
The MPPG report discusses lofting the single-shot mission as early as 2024, aboard NASA's huge Space Launch System rocket. NASA wants the SLS to make its first test flight by 2017 and to be ready to carry crews by 2021.
NASA's robotic Mars exploration strategy has already begun shifting from "follow the water" â€" exemplified by NASA's Spirit and Opportunity rovers â€" to searching for habitable environments, which the $ 2.5 billion Curiosity rover is currently doing in the Red Planet's Gale Crater.
Sample-return is the logical next step in NASA's unmanned activities at Mars, Figueroa said.
"This is really the search for evidence of past life," he said. "And the options that we are putting forth is, What are the options that NASA could have available to pursue it in the most aggressive way possible?"
NASA has two robotic Mars missions on the docket before the first step toward sample-return would launch. The Maven orbiter is slated to blast off next year to study the Red Planet's atmosphere, while a mission called InSight will launch in 2016 to probe Mars' core.
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Question by unstopabel45: What does the following mean? Distinguish the different senses of "science" in different disciplines of scienc? I have to write a final paper for my philosophy class: Philosophical theories of knowledge and reality I do not understand what my professor is asking for me to explain in this paper. The topic is summarized in the statement above. Actual statement:::: Make a long list of different kinds of science--Library science, Domestic science, and the more familiar sciences. Distinguish the different senses of "science" in these different disciplines. Please explain what the professor means and any examples would be nice. Thank you very much. Best answer for What does the following mean? Distinguish the different senses of "science" in different disciplines of scienc?:
Answer by Alan Turing Answer by James C
He is just trying to get you to realize that people are somewhat sloppy in their use of the word science. With things like library science that science simply means some means of organizing and categorizing things. Biology science was like that until Darwin's core theory of evolution change it into a science that is about explaining why things are the way they are and how they got there. Before Darwin, biology was just a sort of library science of categorizing and grouping of living things. Physics and chemistry are sciences in the way the term science is most accurately used. They are not just a means of categorizing and grouping things, and not just a way of explaining how things got to where they are, they are also a methodology of predicting what will happen in the future given known conditions. Domestic science, political science, and sociology and psychology are also sciences but again the emphasis shifts to issues of control, defining what is normal or standard, how to effectively make change or maintain the status quo, and so forth. So in each of these science means something that can be radically different and you need to be aware of it to understand what a science is. And your study could be called a science of sciences. And that is part of what philosophy is.
Not without reading your school book that has the answer?
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What is Science is a video by www.StatedClearly.com designed to clarify what exactly science is and what qualifies as scientific evidence. This video is part of a series on science that will help people understand the differences between science and religion. Science and religion are currently both very important parts of human culture and should be clearly understood by the public. Why is it important to understand the difference between science and religion? Understanding Science and Religion helps us to more appropriately interact as a multicultural and multi-religious society. It helps us understand what is and what is not appropriate in public settings such as schools and government. For example In Dover Pennsylvania, the school district wanted to insert a creator based hypothesis called Intelligent Design into the biology curriculum. It went to court in 2005 and was banned by Judge John E. Jones III (a conservative Republican and Christian) who claimed that th e teaching of Intelligent Design was a violation of the constitutional separation of Church and State. Many Christians were confused by this decision and some claimed that it was persecution against Christians. Many Christians and Muslims are under the false impression that the theory of Evolution is simply an atheistic belief and that Intelligent Design should be given equal time in the classroom. Other Christians understand the difference between science and religion and do not see Evolution as a threat to ... What is Science?
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